Injin Gyaran allura
Dec 15, 2025
Bar sako
Injin Gyaran allura
Shiga cikin kowane bene na masana'antar robobi da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa -sa na injunan gyare-gyaren allura yana saita lokaci. Waɗannan dawakan na aiki suna tura narkakkar polymer zuwa cikin kogon ƙarfe sau dubbai a rana, suna tofa komai daga kwalabe zuwa dashboards na mota. Fasahar ta samo asali ne zuwa kayan aikin simintin gyare-gyare daga shekarun 1800s, ko da yake ainihin ci gaban ya zo ne lokacin da injiniyoyin Jamus suka gano yadda ake amfani da dunƙule mai jujjuya a maimakon mai sauƙi. Wannan ƙirar dunƙule daga shekarun 1950 ta kasance ƙashin bayan injinan zamani.
Yadda Ainihin Tsarin ke Aiki
Ganga na zaune a kwance akan yawancin injina, an nannade shi da makada masu zafi waɗanda ke kawo yanayin zafi a ko'ina daga digiri 180 zuwa sama da digiri 300 dangane da guduro. Pellets suna sauke daga hopper zuwa cikin makogwaro. Anan ne dunƙule ke samun ajiyarsa{4}} yayin da yake juyawa, jirage masu tsayin sa suna ɗaukar kayan su ja gaba. Haɗin zafin ganga da juzu'in inji daga aikin dunƙulewa yana narkar da filastik a hankali. Lokacin da kayan ya isa gaba, narke ne mai kama da wanda aka shirya don allura.
Lokacin yin robobi, dunƙule yana dawowa yayin da narkakkar kayan ke taruwa a gabansa. Matsi na baya da aka yi amfani da su ta tsarin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa yana sarrafa yawan juriya da dunƙule ke ji yayin ja da baya. Matsayin baya kaɗan kaɗan kuma kuna samun narke mara daidaituwa. Yayi yawa kuma kuna haɗarin lalata zafi{3}}kaya masu hankali. Samun wannan ma'auni daidai yana raba sashi mai inganci daga guntu.
Da zarar isassun abu ya tattara don harbin, dunƙule ya daina juyawa. Injin yana jiran siginar cewa sanyaya ya ƙare a ɓangaren da ya gabata. Mold yana rufewa, danne tonnage yana ginawa, da dunƙule raguna a gaba. Allurar tana faruwa da sauri{3}}lokacin cika ƙasa da daƙiƙa biyu yawanci ga ƙananan sassa. Narkewar tana gudu ta cikin bututun ƙarfe, saukar da sprue, ta masu gudu, ta wuce ƙofar, kuma zuwa cikin rami.
Shirya kuma riƙe matakai na biyo baya nan da nan. Sukullun yana kiyaye matsa lamba na gaba don rama raguwa yayin da filastik ke yin sanyi da ƙarfe mai sanyi. Riƙe yana ci gaba har sai ƙofar ta daskare. A wannan lokacin, babu ƙarin kayan da zai iya shiga cikin rami ba tare da la'akari da matsa lamba ba. Injin yana canzawa zuwa yin filastik harbi na gaba yayin da sashin ke ci gaba da sanyaya.
Zagayawa yana ƙarewa lokacin da ɓangaren ya daɗa ƙarfi don fitarwa ba tare da yaƙe-yaƙe ba. Mold yana buɗewa, buɗe wuta mai fitar da wuta, sashi ya faɗi. Gabaɗayan jeri na iya ɗaukar daƙiƙa 15 don ƙaramin kwandon bakin bango{3} ko mintuna da yawa don ɓangaren tsari mai kauri.
Inji Hardware
Tsarukan matsawa suna zuwa cikin dandano uku. Injunan jujjuyawar suna amfani da haɗin gwiwar injina waɗanda ke ninka ƙarfi kusa da rufaffiyar matsayi{1}} babban inganci amma injin yana buƙatar mai na yau da kullun da maye gurbin daji. Injunan hydraulic kai tsaye suna tura farantin mai motsi tare da babban silinda -. Mafi sauƙaƙa ta hanyar injiniya, kodayake suna ƙone ƙarin mai yana motsa duk wannan ruwan. Haɗaɗɗen daidaitawa suna amfani da servomotors don matsayi tare da taimakon na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa don ƙarfi na ƙarshe.
Matsakaicin girman ton yana biye da ƙa'ida ta asali: ƙaddarar ɓangaren yanki lokutan matsa lamba. Bangaren santimita murabba'i 100 da ke aiki a matsa lamba 500 mashaya yana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin metric ton 50. Yawancin shagunan suna ƙara 10 - 20% tsaro. Rashin girman ton ɗin matsawa yana nunawa nan da nan kamar walƙiya a cikin layin da aka raba-baƙaƙƙen filaye na filastik suna matsewa a inda raƙuman ƙira suka hadu.
Na'urar allurar ta kulle zuwa gefen farantin da ke tsaye. Ganga diamita da dunƙule L/D rabo suna ƙayyade ƙarfin harbi da ƙimar filastik. Gabaɗaya -Maƙasudin maƙasudin suna gudanar da tsayin 20:1{5}}zuwa{6}}diamita tare da ma'aunin matsawa a kusa da 2.5:1. Masu shingen shinge suna haɓaka ingancin narke don kayan ƙera{9}}crystalline. Sassan hadawa suna taimakawa tare da tarwatsewar tattara launi.
Servo -Masu motsin ruwa sun maye gurbin kafaffen famfo{1}} akan sabbin kayan aiki. Motar tana aiki da sauri kamar yadda ake buƙata don halin yanzu, yana yanke amfani da makamashi 30-50% idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin injuna masu gudana akai-akai tare da kwararar da aka zubar akan bawul ɗin taimako.
Gudun Injin
Zaɓin saiti na zafin jiki yana farawa da takardar bayanan sarrafa kayan aikin guduro. Yanayin zafin yanki yawanci yana tasowa daga baya zuwa gaba, tare da bututun ƙarfe yana gudana mafi zafi don hana daskarewa{1}}. Domin polypropylene, raya yankin iya zama a 190 digiri, tsakiyar zones a 210-220 digiri, gaba a 230 digiri, da bututun ƙarfe a 240 digiri. Ainihin zafin narke da aka auna tare da pyrometer sau da yawa yana tafiyar da digiri 10-15 sama da madaidaicin yankin gaba saboda dumama ƙarfi.
Gudun dunƙule yayin dawowa yana rinjayar duka lokacin sake zagayowar da ingancin narkewa. Juyawa da sauri yana rage murmurewa amma yana haifar da ƙarin zafi mai ƙarfi. Zafi -kaya masu hankali kamar PVC da POM suna buƙatar saurin gudu. Ya kamata screw ya gama yin robobi kafin lokacin sanyaya ya ƙare -in ba haka ba screw ɗin yana jiran aiki kuma ingancin sake zagayowar ya ragu.
Bayanan saurin allura sun cancanci kulawa akan hadaddun geometries. Sannun saurin farko yana hana jetting ta ƙananan ƙofofi. Tsatsaki -hanzarin bugun jini yana cika mafi yawan rami cikin sauri. Ragewar ƙarshe yana guje wa matsi mai ƙarfi a canjin fakitin. Masu sarrafawa na zamani suna ɗaukar matakan matakai da yawa tare da madaidaitan wuraren juyawa dangane da matsaya.
Matsin lamba yawanci yana gudanar da kashi 60-80% na matsa lamba mafi girman allura. Tsawon lokacin ya dogara da girman kofa da kayan. Ƙananan ƙofofi suna daskare a cikin 2-3 seconds. Ƙofofin jirgin ruwa a kan sassa masu kauri na iya buƙatar 8-10 seconds. Rashin isasshen lokacin fakitin yana nunawa azaman alamun nutse akan hakarkarinsa da shugabanni.
Shirya matsala na gama gari
Short Shots
Gajerun harbe-harbe na nufin robobi bai kai kowane kusurwoyin rami ba. Duba cewa girman harbin ya wuce nauyin sashi da nauyin mai gudu da aƙalla 10-15%. Tabbatar da ragowa ko walƙiya ba a toshe su. Ƙara saurin allura ko matsa lamba idan ƙarfin ganga ya bincika.
Filasha
Filanci a kusa da layin raba yana nuna ko dai rashin isassun tonne ko sawa a saman da ba ya rufe da kyau. Gwaji mai sauri: gudanar da jerin harbe-harbe yayin da ake ƙara rage ƙarfi har sai walƙiya ya bayyana, sannan saita tonnage 15% sama da wannan kofa.
Burn Marks
Alamun ƙonawa kusa da ƙarshen cika suna nuna makalewar iskar da ke kunna wuta a ƙarƙashin matsi. Tasirin Diesel, tsofaffin masu ƙidayar lokaci suna kiran shi. Ƙara huluna inda konewa ke faruwa ko rage saurin allura don ba da lokacin iska don kuɓuta ta hanyoyin da ke akwai.
Layin Weld
Layukan weld suna samuwa a inda gabas ɗin gudana suka hadu. Suna da rauni a tsarin tsari kuma wani lokacin ana iya gani a saman kayan kwalliya. Daidaita wurin ƙofa ko ƙara rijiyoyin da suka cika na iya tura layin walda zuwa wuraren da ba - ba. Maɗaukakin zafin jiki na narkewa yana inganta ƙarfin layin walda ta hanyar kyale mafi kyawuwar haɗuwar ƙwayoyin cuta kafin daskarewa.
Inda Wadannan Injinan Suka Kashe
Mota yana cinye kaso mafi girma na ƙarfin gyare-gyaren allura a duniya. Mota ɗaya ta ƙunshi kilogiram 30 - 40 na allura gyare-gyaren sassa-bumper fascias, fale-falen kayan aiki, hannayen ƙofa, gidajen madubi, ɗaruruwan shirye-shiryen bidiyo da masu ɗaure.
Gidajen lantarki suna tura matsattun haƙuri da bangon bakin ciki. Lambobin waya, harsashi na kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, da na'urori masu nisa suna buƙatar saman kayan kwalliya marasa nutsewa, layukan gudana, ko rigar ƙofa. Gyaran kayan aikin likita yana ƙara gano kayan abu da buƙatun ɗaki mai tsafta akan madaidaicin girma.
Marufi yana gudanar da manyan gyare-gyaren cavitation a lokutan zagayowar blister. Abubuwan rufewa tare da 96 ko 128 cavities suna yin keke kowane 4{5}} 5 suna buƙatar injuna da aka gina don ci gaba da aiki mai sauri.
Ƙananan ayyuka suna samun tsayayyen aiki a cikin gyare-gyaren al'ada don aikace-aikacen alkuki. Muna ganin daidaiton buƙatu daga kamfanoni masu samar da gidajen maɓalli na RFID da samun damar abubuwan sarrafawa{1} waɗannan sassan suna buƙatar madaidaitan ma'auni don wurin zama na'urorin eriya da jujjuyawar kwakwalwan kwamfuta daidai. Ganewar dabbobi yana ba da wani yanki na musamman; Masu siyar da alamar kunne na RFID suna buƙatar ƙarfin yin gyare-gyare don ɗaukar kayan lantarki a cikin harsashi ɗaya mai hana yanayi. Masana'antun da ke samar da katin RFID suna neman gyare-gyaren da suka ji daɗi tare da siraran bango{4} da ayyukan haɗaɗɗiyar sakandare.
La'akari da Ayyuka don Ƙirƙira
Farashin sa'o'in inji ya bambanta sosai dangane da tonnage da kasuwa. Na'ura mai nauyin ton 150 a cikin yanki mai gasa na iya yin lissafin dala 25-35 a kowace awa ciki har da ma'aikaci. Babban tonnage yana ba da umarni mafi girma, duk da cewa ribar da ake samu a wasu lokuta tana rage ƙimar ƙimar.
Kudin makamashi yana da mahimmanci fiye da yadda shaguna da yawa suka sani. Injin hydraulic ton 500{4} yana aiki sau uku yana zana matsakaicin 40-50 kW a duk zagaye. Sake fasalin Servo-hydraulic yana dawowa cikin watanni 18-24 akan farashin wutar lantarki na yanzu a yawancin kasuwanni.
Gyaran ƙira yana tasiri kai tsaye ingancin sashi da lokacin aiki na inji. Tsara tsare-tsare na magudanar ruwa, duba filaye masu mahimmanci, da tabbatar da kwararar tashar sanyaya ya kamata su faru a ƙayyadaddun tazarar harbi. Mai da martani bayan bayyanar lahani mai inganci ya fi tsada fiye da shirye-shiryen rigakafi.
Sarrafa kayan ya cancanci kulawa daidai gwargwado ga resin hankali. Naylon, PET, da polycarbonate suna buƙatar bushewa zuwa takamaiman matakan danshi ko lalatawar hydrolytic ya lalata kayan inji. Tsarin jigilar kayayyaki yakamata su guji gurɓatar ƙarfe wanda ke lalata dunƙule da saman ganga.
Haɓakawa ta atomatik - Cire ɓangaren na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, sakawa mai sarrafa kansa, duban hangen nesa{1}} yana da ma'ana a juzu'i inda tanadin aiki ya wuce farashin haya na kayan aiki. Ƙananan aiki na al'ada{3} da wuya ya ba da tabbacin cikakken aiki da kai, kodayake masu zaɓin sprue masu sauƙi suna haɓaka daidaiton zagayowar ta hanyar cire canjin mai aiki daga buɗe lokacin buɗewa.
Aika Aikace-aikacen